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3.
Emergencias ; 35(3): 205-217, 2023 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol, Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37350603

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To draft a list of actions and quality indicators for pharmacist care in hospital emergency departments, based on consensus among a panel of experts regarding which actions to prioritize in this setting. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A panel of experts from the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy (SEFH) and the Spanish Society of Emergency Medicine (SEMES) evaluated a preliminary list of potential actions and quality of care indicators. The experts used a questionnaire to assess the proposals on the basis of available evidence. In the first round, each expert individually assessed the importance of each proposed action based on 4 dimensions: evidence base, impact on clinical response and patient safety, ease of implementation, and priority. In the second round the experts attended a virtual meeting to reach consensus on a revised list of proposals; suggestions and comments that had been made anonymously in the first round were included. The group then prioritized each action as basic, intermediate, or advanced. RESULTS: The experts evaluated a total of 26 potential actions and associated quality indicators. No items were eliminated in the analysis of scores and comments from the first round. After the second round, 25 actions survived. Nine were considered basic, 10 intermediate, and 6 advanced. CONCLUSION: The expert panel's list of pharmacist actions and care quality indicators provides a basis for developing a pharmacist care program in Spanish emergency departments on 3 levels of priority. The list can serve as a guide to pharmacists, managers, physicians, and nurses involved in the effort to improve drug therapy in this hospital setting.


OBJETIVO: Desarrollar un conjunto de actividades e indicadores de atención farmacéutica en los servicios de urgencias hospitalarios mediante un consenso colectivo de un panel de expertos que permita priorizar las actividades a realizar por los farmacéuticos en estas unidades. METODO: Un comité formado por miembros de la Sociedad Española de Farmacia Hospitalaria (SEFH) y de la Sociedad Española de Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES) evaluó una propuesta inicial de actividades e indicadores potenciales, basados en la evidencia científica disponible, en formato de cuestionario. En una primera ronda, cada uno de los expertos del panel clasificó de forma individual la relevancia de cada una de las actividades propuestas en cuatro dimensiones: evidencia científica, impacto en la respuesta clínica y seguridad para el paciente, facilidad de implementación y grado de prioridad. La segunda ronda se realizó mediante una reunión grupal de forma virtual, a partir del cuestionario modificado de acuerdo con las sugerencias planteadas, así como los comentarios vertidos por los participantes del panel de forma anónima. En esta ronda, cada actividad fue clasificada por consenso como básica, intermedia o avanzada en función del grado de prioridad de implantación considerado por el grupo de expertos. RESULTADOS: Se propusieron un total de 26 potenciales actividades a los expertos, con indicadores asociados. Tras el análisis de las puntuaciones y los comentarios realizados en la primera ronda, no se eliminó ninguna de las actividades propuestas. Tras la segunda ronda, se mantuvieron 25 actividades, de las cuales se puntuaron 9 como actividades básicas, 10 actividades como intermedias y 6 actividades como avanzadas. CONCLUSIONES: El desarrollo del conjunto de actividades e indicadores de atención farmacéutica en urgencias, priorizados por grado de relevancia para la unidad, es la base para el desarrollo de esta cartera de servicios en los hospitales españoles, y sirve como guía tanto para farmacéuticos como para gestores, médicos y enfermeros de la unidad a fin de mejorar la farmacoterapia los pacientes atendidos en los servicios de urgencias.


Assuntos
Medicina de Emergência , Serviço de Farmácia Hospitalar , Humanos , Farmacêuticos , Consenso , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Hospitais
5.
J Clin Med ; 13(1)2023 Dec 19.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38202010

RESUMO

The progressive aging and comorbidities of the population have led to an increase in the number of patients with polypharmacy attended to in the emergency department. Drug-related problems (DRPs) have become a major cause of admission to these units, as well as a high rate of short-term readmissions. Anticoagulants, antibiotics, antidiabetics, and opioids have been shown to be the most common drugs involved in this issue. Inappropriate polypharmacy has been pointed out as one of the major causes of these emergency visits. Different ways of conducting chronic medication reviews at discharge, primary care coordination, and phone contact with patients at discharge have been shown to reduce new hospitalizations and new emergency room visits due to DRPs, and they are key elements for improving the quality of care provided by emergency services.

6.
An. pediatr. (2003. Ed. impr.) ; 93(6): 380-395, dic. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-200848

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Elaborar un listado de medicamentos altamente tóxicos en la infancia (MAT), comercializados en España, diferenciando aquellos que alcanzan la dosis letal para un niño de 10 Kg con la ingesta de 1-3 unidades. MÉTODO: Se definió MAT como aquellos capaces de producir intoxicaciones graves o letales en niños menores de 8 años. Se consideró toxicidad grave la correspondiente al grado 3 en la clasificación Poisoning Severity Score y la categoría «major effects» en las publicaciones de la American Association of Poison Control Centers. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de los informes anuales de la American Association of Poison Control Centers y de PubMed entre enero 2000 y febrero 2019 (palabras clave: «severe», «fatal», «life-threatening», «poisoning», «child», «pediatric», «toxicological emergency»). Además, se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo de menores de 8 años que consultaron en un servicio de urgencias pediátrico por sospecha de intoxicación farmacológica entre julio 2012 y junio 2018. Se seleccionaron los principios activos responsables comercializados en España y se determinó la dosis letal o la dosis altamente tóxica. Se calculó el número de unidades necesarias para alcanzarla en niños de 10 kg. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 7 grupos de MAT: analgésicos; psicofármacos y medicamentos neuromusculares; anticatarrales descongestivos-antitusígenos-antihistamínicos-antiasmáticos; medicamentos cardiovasculares; antimicrobianos; preparados tópicos y otros medicamentos. En 29 principios activos, la ingesta de una única unidad podría causar la muerte en un lactante de 10 kg de peso, en 13 podría causarla la ingesta de 2 unidades y en 10 la ingesta de 3 unidades. CONCLUSIÓN: Existen numerosos MAT comercializados en España, algunos de ellos disponibles en presentaciones potencialmente letales con pocas unidades


OBJECTIVE: To prepare a list of highly toxic drugs in infants (HTDs) marketed in Spain, comparing those that reach the lethal dose in a child of 10kg with the ingestion of 1 to 3 units. METHOD: HTDs are defined as those capable of causing severe or lethal poisoning in children less than 8-year-old. Severe poisoning is considered as that corresponding to Grade 3 in the Poisoning Severity Score classification and to the "major effects" category in publications in the American Association of Poison Control Centers. A literature review was carried out on the annual reports of the American Association of Poison Control Centers, as well as in PubMed, between January 2000 and February 2019 (Keywords "severe", "fatal", "life-threatening", "poisoning", "child", "paediatric", "toxicological emergency"). An observational, retrospective study was also conducted on infants less than 8-year-old that were seen in a Paediatric Emergency Department due to suspected drug poisoning between July 2012 and June 2018. The active ingredients responsible marketed in Spain were selected, and the lethal or highly toxic doses were determined. The number of units (pills) necessary to reach this dose in children of 10kg was calculated. RESULTS: A total of 7 HTD groups were identified: analgesics; psychotropics and other medication used in neurological disorders; catarrh decongestants - cough -antihistamine - asthma drugs; cardiovascular drugs; antibiotics, topical preparations, and other drugs. In 29 active ingredients, the ingestion of a single pill could cause death in 10kg infant, in another 13, the ingestion of 2 pills could cause death, as well as the ingestion of 3 pills in 10 cases. CONCLUSION: There are numerous HTDs marketed in Spain, some of which are available in potentially fatal presentations with few pills


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Toxicologia/educação , Intoxicação/epidemiologia , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/epidemiologia , Venenos/toxicidade , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Intoxicação/prevenção & controle , Espanha/epidemiologia , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos/prevenção & controle , Preparações Farmacêuticas/classificação , Estudos Retrospectivos
7.
An Pediatr (Engl Ed) ; 93(6): 380-395, 2020 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32284232

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To prepare a list of highly toxic drugs in infants (HTDs) marketed in Spain, comparing those that reach the lethal dose in a child of 10kg with the ingestion of 1 to 3 units. METHOD: HTDs are defined as those capable of causing severe or lethal poisoning in children less than 8-year-old. Severe poisoning is considered as that corresponding to Grade 3 in the Poisoning Severity Score classification and to the "major effects" category in publications in the American Association of Poison Control Centers. A literature review was carried out on the annual reports of the American Association of Poison Control Centers, as well as in PubMed, between January 2000 and February 2019 (Keywords "severe", "fatal", "life-threatening", "poisoning", "child", "paediatric", "toxicological emergency"). An observational, retrospective study was also conducted on infants less than 8-year-old that were seen in a Paediatric Emergency Department due to suspected drug poisoning between July 2012 and June 2018. The active ingredients responsible marketed in Spain were selected, and the lethal or highly toxic doses were determined. The number of units (pills) necessary to reach this dose in children of 10kg was calculated. RESULTS: A total of 7 HTD groups were identified: analgesics; psychotropics and other medication used in neurological disorders; catarrh decongestants - cough -antihistamine - asthma drugs; cardiovascular drugs; antibiotics, topical preparations, and other drugs. In 29 active ingredients, the ingestion of a single pill could cause death in 10kg infant, in another 13, the ingestion of 2 pills could cause death, as well as the ingestion of 3 pills in 10 cases. CONCLUSION: There are numerous HTDs marketed in Spain, some of which are available in potentially fatal presentations with few pills.


Assuntos
Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Intoxicação , Humanos , Lactente , Centros de Controle de Intoxicações , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha
10.
Med. clín (Ed. impr.) ; 150(1): 16-19, ene. 2018. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-169654

RESUMO

Antecedentes y objetivo: Los antídotos pueden tener un papel relevante en el tratamiento de las intoxicaciones y el tiempo hasta su administración puede condicionar la supervivencia del paciente. Pacientes y método: Estudio realizado mediante cuestionario a principios del año 2015 en 70 hospitales de Cataluña que atienden urgencias. La disponibilidad cualitativa para cada antídoto se consideró adecuada cuando estaba presente en al menos el 80% de los hospitales. La disponibilidad cuantitativa se consideró adecuada cuando se disponía de la cantidad recomendada en al menos el 80% de los hospitales del nivel oportuno. Resultados: Para hospitales de menor complejidad, el porcentaje de antídotos con disponibilidad cualitativa y cuantitativa adecuada fue del 66,7 y 42,9%. En hospitales de mayor complejidad, las disponibilidades cualitativas y cuantitativas fueron adecuadas en un 64,5 y 38,7% de los antídotos. No se observaron diferencias significativas entre las diferentes regiones sanitarias, pero hubo una correlación positiva (p<0,05) entre las urgencias atendidas por los hospitales y el porcentaje de disponibilidad cualitativa adecuada. Conclusiones: La disponibilidad de antídotos en los hospitales de Cataluña es en general baja y muestra diferencias en función de la región sanitaria y de la complejidad asistencial de los hospitales (AU)


Background and objective: Antidotes may have a relevant role in acute intoxication management and the time until its administration can influence patient survival. Patients and method: Study conducted by a questionnaire sent in early 2015 to 70 hospitals in Catalonia providing emergency services. Qualitative availability on each antidote was considered adequate when present in at least 80% of hospitals. The quantitative availability was considered adequate when at least 80% of hospitals had the number of units of antidote recommended. Results: Lower complexity hospitals (level A) showed a percentage of adequate qualitative and quantitative availability of 66.7 and 42.9% respectively. In higher complexity hospitals (level B) qualitative and quantitative availability was adequate in 64.5 and 38.7% of the antidotes respectively. Data showed no differences between the different health regions as well as a positive correlation (p<.05) between the number of emergencies attended and the percentage of adequate qualitative availability. Conclusions: The availability of antidotes in Catalonia hospitals is generally low and shows differences across health regions and depending on level of complexity (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Antídotos/provisão & distribuição , Hospitais/normas , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/tendências , Kit de Medicamentos e Insumos Estratégicos , Intoxicação/epidemiologia , Intoxicação/prevenção & controle , Administração Hospitalar/normas , Inquéritos e Questionários , Aprovisionamento , Estudos Transversais/métodos
11.
Med Clin (Barc) ; 150(1): 16-19, 2018 Jan 12.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28705416

RESUMO

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Antidotes may have a relevant role in acute intoxication management and the time until its administration can influence patient survival. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Study conducted by a questionnaire sent in early 2015 to 70 hospitals in Catalonia providing emergency services. Qualitative availability on each antidote was considered adequate when present in at least 80% of hospitals. The quantitative availability was considered adequate when at least 80% of hospitals had the number of units of antidote recommended. RESULTS: Lower complexity hospitals (level A) showed a percentage of adequate qualitative and quantitative availability of 66.7 and 42.9% respectively. In higher complexity hospitals (level B) qualitative and quantitative availability was adequate in 64.5 and 38.7% of the antidotes respectively. Data showed no differences between the different health regions as well as a positive correlation (p<.05) between the number of emergencies attended and the percentage of adequate qualitative availability. CONCLUSIONS: The availability of antidotes in Catalonia hospitals is generally low and shows differences across health regions and depending on level of complexity.


Assuntos
Antídotos/provisão & distribuição , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Recursos em Saúde/provisão & distribuição , Estudos Transversais , Hospitais , Humanos , Espanha
12.
Farm. hosp ; 41(3): 317-333, mayo-jun. 2017. ilus, tab, mapas
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-162871

RESUMO

Objective: To design a virtual antidote network between hospitals that could help to locate on-line those hospitals that stocked those antidotes with the highest difficulty in terms of availability, and ensured that the medication was loaned in case of necessity. Methods: The application was developed by four hospital pharmacists and two clinical toxicologists with the support of a Healthcare Informatics Consultant Company. Results: The antidotes network in Catalonia, Spain, was launched in July 2015. It can be accessed through the platform: www.xarxaantidots.org. The application has an open area with overall information about the project and the option to ask toxicological questions of non-urgent nature. The private area is divided into four sections: 1) Antidotes: data of interest about the 15 antidotes included in the network and their recommended stock depending on the complexity of the hospital, 2) Antidote stock management: virtual formulary, 3) Loans: location of antidotes through the on-line map application Google Maps, and virtual loan request, and 4) Documentation: As of June, 2016, 40 public and private hospitals have joined the network, from all four provinces of Catalonia, which have accessed the private area 2102 times, requested two loans of silibinin, one of hydroxocobalamin, three of antiophidic serum and three of botulism antitoxin. Thirteen toxicological consultations have been received. Conclusions: The implementation of this network improves the communication between centers that manage poisoned patients, adapts and standardizes the stock of antidotes in hospitals, speeds up loans if necessary, and improves the quality of care for poisoned patients (AU)


Objetivo: Diseñar una red virtual de antídotos entre hospitales que permitiese localizar, de forma online, en qué hospitales están ubicados los antídotos con mayor dificultad de disponibilidad y facilitase el préstamo de la medicación en caso de necesidad. Método: La aplicación fue desarrollada por cuatro farmacéuticos de hospital, dos toxicólogos clínicos y el soporte de una empresa informática. Resultados: La red de antídotos de Cataluña entró en funcionamiento en julio de 2015. Puede accederse a través de la plataforma: www.xarxaantidots.org. La aplicación consta de una zona abierta con información general del proyecto y la posibilidad de realizar consultas toxicológicas de carácter no urgente. La zona privada se divide en cuatro secciones: 1) Antídotos: datos de interés de los 15 antídotos en red y dotación recomendada en función de la complejidad del hospital, 2) Gestión del stock de antídotos: botiquines virtuales, 3) Préstamos: localización de antídotos mediante el servidor de aplicaciones de mapas en la web, Google Maps, y solicitud de préstamo virtual y 4) Documentación: Hasta junio de 2016 son 40 los hospitales públicos y privados de las cuatro provincias de Cataluña adheridos; se han registrado 2.102 accesos a la zona privada, solicitado dos préstamos de silibinina, uno de hidroxocobalamina, tres de suero antiofídico y tres de suero antibotulínico. Se han recibido 13 consultas toxicológicas. Conclusiones: La puesta en marcha de la red mejora la comunicación entre centros que atienden a pacientes intoxicados, adecua y homogeneiza la dotación de antídotos de los hospitales, agiliza los préstamos en caso necesario y aumenta la calidad de la atención a los pacientes intoxicados (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Antídotos/provisão & distribuição , Serviço de Farmácia Hospitalar/organização & administração , Intoxicação/tratamento farmacológico , Redes de Comunicação de Computadores/organização & administração , Intoxicação/epidemiologia , Sistemas de Comunicação no Hospital/organização & administração
13.
Farm Hosp ; 41(3): 317-333, 2017 May 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28478747

RESUMO

Objetive: To design a virtual antidote network between hospitals that could help to locate on-line those hospitals that stocked those antidotes with the highest difficulty in terms of availability, and ensured that the medication was loaned in case of necessity. METHODS: The application was developed by four hospital pharmacists and two clinical toxicologists with the support of a Healthcare Informatics Consultant Company. RESULTS: The antidotes network in Catalonia, Spain, was launched in July 2015. It can be accessed through the platform: www.xarxaantidots.org. The application has an open area with overall information about the project and the option to ask toxicological questions of non-urgent nature. The private area is divided into four sections: 1) Antidotes: data of interest about the 15 antidotes included in the network and their recommended stock depending on the complexity of the hospital, 2) Antidote stock management: virtual formulary, 3) Loans: location of antidotes through the on-line map application Google Maps, and virtual loan request, and 4) Documentation: As of June, 2016, 40 public and private hospitals have joined the network, from all four provinces of Catalonia, which have accessed the private area 2 102 times, requested two loans of silibinin, one of hydroxocobalamin, three of antiophidic serum and three of botulism antitoxin. Thirteen toxicological consultations have been received. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of this network improves the communication between centers that manage poisoned patients, adapts and standardizes the stock of antidotes in hospitals, speeds up loans if necessary, and improves the quality of care for poisoned patients.


Objetivo: Diseñar una red virtual de antídotos entre hospitales que permitiese localizar, de forma online, en qué hospitales están ubicados los antídotos con mayor dificultad de disponibilidad y facilitase el préstamo de la medicación en caso de necesidad.Método: La aplicación fue desarrollada por cuatro farmacéuticos de hospital, dos toxicólogos clínicos y el soporte de una empresa informática.Resultados: La red de antídotos de Cataluña entró en funcionamiento en julio de 2015. Puede accederse a través de la plataforma: www.xarxaantidots.org. La aplicación consta de una zona abierta con información general del proyecto y la posibilidad de realizar consultas toxicológicas de carácter no urgente. La zona privada se divide en cuatro secciones: 1) Antídotos: datos de interés de los 15 antídotos en red y dotación recomendada en función de la complejidad del hospital, 2) Gestión del stock de antídotos: botiquines virtuales, 3) Préstamos: localización de antídotos mediante el servidor de aplicaciones de mapas en la web, Google Maps, y solicitud de préstamo virtual y 4) Documentación: Hasta junio de 2016 son 40 los hospitales públicos y privados de las cuatro provincias de Cataluña adheridos; se han registrado 2.102 accesos a la zona privada, solicitado dos préstamos de silibinina, uno de hidroxocobalamina, tres de suero antiofídico y tres de suero antibotulínico. Se han recibido 13 consultas toxicológicas.Conclusiones: La puesta en marcha de la red mejora la comunicación entre centros que atienden a pacientes intoxicados, adecua y homogeneiza la dotación de antídotos de los hospitales, agiliza los préstamos en caso necesario y aumenta la calidad de la atención a los pacientes intoxicados.


Assuntos
Antídotos/provisão & distribuição , Serviço de Farmácia Hospitalar/organização & administração , Comunicação , Simulação por Computador , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência , Formulários de Hospitais como Assunto , Hospitais , Humanos , Espanha , Inquéritos e Questionários
14.
Emergencias (St. Vicenç dels Horts) ; 28(1): 45-54, feb. 2016. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-148467

RESUMO

La disponibilidad de antídotos en los diferentes ámbitos asistenciales es un tema objeto de controversia. Se formó un grupo de expertos en Farmacia Hospitalaria y Toxicología Clínica, tanto de adultos como de niños. Se procedió a revisar la bibliografía nacional e internacional sobre el tema, con el objetivo de poder ofrecer una recomendación actualizada sobre los antídotos (tipo y cantidad), que deberían estar presentes en los hospitales en función de su nivel de complejidad asistencial, al tiempo que se recordaban las indicaciones toxicológicas habituales y las recomendaciones más consensuadas de posología. La disponibilidad cuantitativa se definió como la cantidad máxima de antídoto necesaria para tratar durante 24 h a un adulto de 70 kg en hospitales comarcales (nivel A), o a tres en el caso de hospitales de alta tecnología y/o de referencia de provincia (nivel B). Como resultado, se propone un listado de 34 antídotos que deberían estar presentes en hospitales de nivel A y de 22 antídotos para el resto de hospitales. Se ofrece también una guía de utilización de los antídotos seleccionados, con las formas de presentación disponibles en España en el año 2015, las principales intoxicaciones en las que pueden estar indicados, la posología más recomendada y algunas observaciones para cada uno de ellos (AU)


The stocking of antidotes in various care settings is a subject of debate. A group of experts in hospital pharmacy and both adult and pediatric clinical toxicology was formed to review the Spanish and international literature on the subject with the aim of updating recommendations about which antidotes to stock and in what amounts in hospitals of different levels of complexity. The experts also considered the usual indications for the use of antidotes and dosing. The amount to have on hand was defined as enough to treat an adult weighing 70 kg for 24 hours (or 3 such adults in an A-level hospital; ie, a highly complex center or the reference hospital for an area). The group also listed 34 antidotes that B-level hospitals should stock and 22 that other types of hospital should stock. The recommendations also provide a guide for using the antidotes in the forms of presentation available in Spain in 2015, a list of their main indications and recommended doses, and specific notes on each (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Antídotos/provisão & distribuição , Intoxicação/tratamento farmacológico , Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Tratamento de Emergência/métodos , Níveis de Atenção à Saúde/organização & administração
15.
Emergencias ; 28(1): 45-54, 2016 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29094827

RESUMO

EN: The stocking of antidotes in various care settings is a subject of debate. A group of experts in hospital pharmacy and both adult and pediatric clinical toxicology was formed to review the Spanish and international literature on the subject with the aim of updating recommendations about which antidotes to stock and in what amounts in hospitals of different levels of complexity. The experts also considered the usual indications for the use of antidotes and dosing. The amount to have on hand was defined as enough to treat an adult weighing 70 kg for 24 hours (or 3 such adults in an A-level hospital; ie, a highly complex center or the reference hospital for an area). The group also listed 34 antidotes that B-level hospitals should stock and 22 that other types of hospital should stock. The recommendations also provide a guide for using the antidotes in the forms of presentation available in Spain in 2015, a list of their main indications and recommended doses, and specific notes on each.


ES: La disponibilidad de antídotos en los diferentes ámbitos asistenciales es un tema objeto de controversia. Se formó un grupo de expertos en Farmacia Hospitalaria y Toxicología Clínica, tanto de adultos como de niños. Se procedió a revisar la bibliografía nacional e internacional sobre el tema, con el objetivo de poder ofrecer una recomendación actualizada sobre los antídotos (tipo y cantidad), que deberían estar presentes en los hospitales en función de su nivel de complejidad asistencial, al tiempo que se recordaban las indicaciones toxicológicas habituales y las recomendaciones más consensuadas de posología. La disponibilidad cuantitativa se definió como la cantidad máxima de antídoto necesaria para tratar durante 24 h a un adulto de 70 kg en hospitales comarcales (nivel A), o a tres en el caso de hospitales de alta tecnología y/o de referencia de provincia (nivel B). Como resultado, se propone un listado de 34 antídotos que deberían estar presentes en hospitales de nivel A y de 22 antídotos para el resto de hospitales. Se ofrece también una guía de utilización de los antídotos seleccionados, con las formas de presentación disponibles en España en el año 2015, las principales intoxicaciones en las que pueden estar indicados, la posología más recomendada y algunas observaciones para cada uno de ellos.

16.
J Emerg Med ; 48(4): 416-23, 2015 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25547811

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Medication errors lead to morbidity and mortality among emergency department (ED) patients. An inaccurate medication history is one of the underlying causes of these errors. OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to determine the prevalence of patients with discrepancies between the medical list information contained in the clinical history compiled on admission to the ED and the list of medications patients are actually taking, to characterize the discrepancies found, and to analyze whether certain factors are associated with the risk of discrepancies. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, observational, multicenter study with an analytic component in the EDs of 11 hospitals in Spain. We compared pharmacist-obtained medication lists (PML) with ED-obtained medication lists (EDML). Discrepancy was defined as one or more differences (in drug or dosage or route of administration) between the EDML and PML. The endpoints were the proportion of patients with discrepancies in their home medical lists, and the prevalence of certain factors among patients with discrepancies and those without. RESULTS: We detected 1476 discrepancies in 387 patients; no discrepancies were found in 20.7%. The most frequent discrepancies involved incomplete information (44.2%) and omission (41.8%). In the bivariate analysis, age, number of medications, and Charlson comorbidity score were significantly associated with discrepancy. In the multivariate analysis, number of medications and hospital were the variables associated with discrepancy. CONCLUSIONS: The EDML differed from the list of medications patients were actually taking in 79.3% of cases. Incomplete information and omission were the most frequent discrepancies. Age, number of medications, and comorbidities were related to the risk of discrepancies.


Assuntos
Serviço Hospitalar de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Erros de Medicação/prevenção & controle , Reconciliação de Medicamentos/normas , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Serviço de Farmácia Hospitalar/estatística & dados numéricos , Espanha , Adulto Jovem
17.
Pharm. care Esp ; 2(3): 177-192, mayo-jun. 2000. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-9566

RESUMO

El objetivo de este trabajo fue la determinación de la incidencia de problemas relacionados con los medicamentos (PRM) en pacientes que acudían en un servicio de urgencias en un hospital de tercer nivel durante el período de un año. También se propusieron como objetivos secundarios evaluar el tipo de PRM de acuerdo con la clasificación realizada por Strand en 1998, así como qué factores de riesgo estaban involucrados. En nuestro estudio se observó que un 19 por ciento de las urgencias hospitalarias eran causadas por un PRM y que el tipo de PRM más frecuente fue la indicación no tratada y las reacciones adversas. La edad, la polimedicación y el mal cumplimiento han aparecido como factores de riesgo determinantes (AU)


The aim of this study was to know the incidence of drug related problems (DRP)'s admissions in the emergency department in a tertiary hospital. Also, we studied as well which main types of DRP were more frequent and which risk factors were involved. The results were that 19% of emergency admissions were due to DRP. The main types of those were the «non treated indication» and «adverse drug reaction». Age, polymedication and noncompliance appeared as the main risk factors (AU)


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Criança , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Preparações Farmacêuticas/efeitos adversos , Incidência , Espanha/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Estudos Prospectivos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde
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